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Low Density Simulation

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  • #5966
    sahilbhapkar30
    Participant

    Hello,

    I am doing a simulation which has an inlet and outlet as velocity boundary condition of 1e-06 m/s. I want to have the geometry under variable pressure which is 10 millibar,100 millibar and 1 bar. The fluid I am using is air. So basically, my physical density which I got in this case were 0.0071,0.1123,1.1639 kg/m3 respectively.

    Initially, as per the book “The lattice Boltzmann Method: Principle and Practice by Timm Krüger (Chapter 7), it is recommended to keep the lattice density to be 1. I used this principle in my simulation, so that my physical density and density factor becomes same to make my lattice density 1. However, after the simulation I observed in Paraview that the pressure in all the three cases is showing the same. I dont see any difference in my pressure values.

    After that, I tried to make density factor 1 and made sure that my physical and lattice density remains same in this case. However, my simulation diverges at low density values.

    I am defining the density in the prepare lattice

    sLattice.iniEquilibrium( bulkIndicator1, rhoF, uF );
    sLattice.defineRhoU( bulkIndicator1, rhoF, uF );

    sLattice.iniEquilibrium( bulkIndicator2, rhoF, uTop );
    sLattice.defineRhoU( bulkIndicator2, rhoF, uTop );

    where bulkindicator1 are my wall region and fluid region. (2,1) with uF being zero.
    and bulkindicator 2 are my inlet and outlet region with utop being my velocity of 1e-06 in z direction.

    What would be the density you recommend which I should consider while defining lattice density(rhoF). I would really appreciate any help in this case.

    Thanking you in anticipation,

    Sahil

    #5970
    Nicolas
    Participant

    Dear Sahil,

    generally, it is a good idea to set the initial lattice density to unity, as described in the book you referred to. You will find this very approach in most of our examples. Your usage of the OpenLB methodology seems to be correct.
    The density derived from the first moment of the distribution function, however, will change during your simulation. In order to end up with a pressure difference in a force free flow you need to have some proper boundary conditions applied to your walls. It might be a good idea to start with a common setup of velocity inflow, pressure outflow and no-slip wall condition first and see whether the expected pressure drop can be observed, both reflected by the console output and the VTK writout. You can then adapt this to a double velocity condition setup and see, whether your issues still persist.

    Best,

    Nicolas

    #5972
    sahilbhapkar30
    Participant

    Hello,
    Thank-you for your prompt response.

    In the following forum discussion,
    https://www.openlb.net/forum/topic/poiseuille2d-interpolated-and-local-valuesvelocity-and-pressure/

    they have discussed about the density and pressure being related by the equation of state and the offset of 1 in the equation.

    The formula for lattice pressure in the code is given as: p= cs2 * (rho-1). As per one of your colleagues, he mentioned that ” Instead, it simply seems to be since one wants to correspond density=1 to pressure=0 as a default. Consequently, one has to modify the offset when a different char. phys. pressure is defined. The UnitConverter does this.”

    I did not get this completely, should I remove this offset of 1 in this equation as I am having a different pressure values?

    Thank you for your earlier suggestion but I need to have velocity constraints on the input and output as well.

    I would appreciate your help,

    Thank-you.

    #5974
    Nicolas
    Participant

    Dear Sahil,

    the relation between density and pressure you mentioned is correct and holds in this context for the LBM considering the respective equation of state. A proper derivation can be found in many LBM related literature (e.g https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783319446479).
    Setting a specific characteristic physical pressure, however, is not solely an LBM related issue. As the compressible/slightly-compressible Navier-Stokes equation does not include the absolute pressure, but only the pressure gradient, changing the default value does not have any effect on the fluid flow solution (despite, obviously the resulting absolute pressure). As this is a matter of general fluid dynamics, you might want to have a look at respective literature for further insights.

    Best,

    Nicolas

    #5976
    Nicolas
    Participant

    correction: “compressible” should of course be “incompressible”…

    #5985
    sahilbhapkar30
    Participant

    Hello,

    Thank-you for your answer. I understood it completely.

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